![]() MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC GENERATOR
专利摘要:
The invention relates to the field of magnetohydrodynamic generators, and more specifically to such a generator (10) comprising a vein (11) for the flow of a working fluid delimited by a first wall (12) and a second wall (13), an ionization device (14) of the working fluid, a pair of arms (15) each connecting the first and second walls (12,13) downstream of said ionisation device (14) so as to delimit between said arms ( 15) and said walls (12,13) a channel (16) in the flow channel (11), said channel (16) being arranged to be traversed by a portion of the working fluid after its ionization, a magnet for generating a magnetic field (B) oriented in a direction perpendicular to the flow of working fluid in the channel (16) delimited by the pair of arms (15) and said walls (12,13), and at least one pair of electrodes (17), each of the electrodes (17) of each pair being disposed on one side of the al (16) delimited by the pair of arms (15) and said walls (12,13), said electrodes (17) of each pair being spaced relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to said magnetic field (B ) and the flow of the working fluid in the channel (16) delimited by the pair of arms (15) and said walls (12,13). 公开号:FR3040838A1 申请号:FR1558232 申请日:2015-09-04 公开日:2017-03-10 发明作者:Camel Serghine;Thomas Klonowski;Stephane Beddok;Stephane Richard 申请人:Turbomeca SA; IPC主号:
专利说明:
Background of the invention The present invention relates to the field of magnetohydrodynamics and in particular its use for the recovery of at least a portion of the residual energy of the working fluid of a turbine. A turbine means a rotary device for using the energy of a working fluid to rotate a rotary shaft. The energy of the working fluid, characterized by its speed and enthalpy, is thus partially converted into mechanical energy that can be extracted by the rotating shaft. However, the working fluid normally keeps a large amount of residual energy downstream of the turbine. In the following description, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" are defined with respect to the normal flow direction of the working fluid. In the French patent application FR 2,085,190, it has already been proposed to use a magnetohydrodynamic generator in addition to a turbine to recover energy contained in the working fluid of the turbine. In such a magnetohydrodynamic generator, the flow of an ionized fluid, subjected to a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the flow of the ionized fluid, generates an electric current between two electrodes spaced apart from each other in a another direction perpendicular to the flow of the ionized fluid and the magnetic field. In practice, however, the integration of such a magnetohydrodynamic generator and a turbine is not without drawbacks, in particular as regards the arrangement of the electrodes and means for generating the magnetic field in a flow vein working fluid of the turbine. Object and summary of the invention The present disclosure aims to remedy these drawbacks, by proposing a magnetohydrodynamic generator allowing a simpler integration in an assembly comprising a turbine intended to be actuated by the same working fluid. In at least one embodiment, this object is achieved by virtue of the fact that the magnetohydrodynamic generator, which comprises a flow stream of a working fluid delimited by a first wall and a second wall and a device for ionizing the fluid of working, also further comprises at least one pair of arms each connecting the first and second walls downstream of said ionization device so as to delimit between said arms and said walls a channel in the flow channel arranged to be traversed by a part of the working fluid after its ionization, a magnet for generating a magnetic field oriented in a direction perpendicular to the flow of the working fluid in the channel delimited by the pair of arms and said walls, and at least one pair of electrodes , each of the electrodes of each pair being disposed on one side of the channel delimited by the pair of arms and said walls, the electrodes of each pair e being spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to said magnetic field and the flow of working fluid in the channel defined by the pair of arms and said walls. The magnet may be an electromagnet, possibly with a solenoid which may advantageously be of improved conductivity thanks to the integration of carbon nanotube in the conductor core or else be superconductive, but may also be a permanent magnet. In either case, it could include a rolled core. With these provisions, it facilitates the arrangement of the electrodes and poles of the magnet along two axes substantially perpendicular to each other and with respect to the flow of the working fluid. In addition, it can be limited to generating electricity only from a portion of the working fluid of a turbine, which may be desired, for example, if the turbine is intended to provide a relative mechanical power important, while the magnetohydrodynamic generator is intended to provide a significantly lower electrical power, as an auxiliary. In particular, each electrode of each pair of electrodes may be disposed on an arm of said pair of arms. In this case, to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the flow of the working fluid to the direction in which the electrodes are separated from each other, the magnet may comprise a core housed within a said arms. However, an alternative arrangement is also conceivable in which each electrode of each pair would be disposed on one of the walls delimiting the flow vein, the magnet then being arranged to generate a magnetic field oriented in the direction in which the arms are separated from each other. In order to accelerate the flow of the fluid in the channel delimited by the walls and the arms, thereby to increase the efficiency of the magnetohydrodynamic generator, the first and second walls can converge towards one another in a direction of flow. combustion gas on at least a first segment of the flow vein located upstream of said pair of arms. In this case, and in order to avoid a large reaction thrust, especially when the magnetohydrodynamic generator is installed in an outlet nozzle of a turbine engine, and in particular of a rotary wing aircraft turbine engine, the first and second walls may diverge from each other in a direction of flow of the working fluid on at least a second segment of the downstream flow vein of said pair of arms, so as to further reduce the speed of the 'flow. In order to allow effective ionization of the working fluid, and in particular of a gaseous working fluid, said ionization device may take the form of a plasma torch. Such a plasma torch may in particular comprise a pair of electrodes connected to a device for generating a continuous or alternating electrical potential between the electrodes of this pair which is equal to or greater than the ionization potential of the working fluid. However, other types of ionization devices are also conceivable, such as an ionization device by microwave injection, by helicon discharge or by inductive coupling. Moreover, to facilitate the ionization of the working fluid, the generator may comprise a device for injecting elements with low ionization potential upstream of said ionization device, as well as possibly a filter for recovering the elements to be used. low ionization potential downstream of the channel delimited by the walls and arms. Relatively short distances between electrodes and opposite magnetic poles in the channel defined by the pair of arms and the walls may be positive for the efficiency and efficiency of the magnetohydrodynamic generator. To increase the amount of working fluid for magnetohydrodynamic generation, while limiting these dimensions, the generator may comprise a plurality of pairs of arms each connecting the first and second walls downstream of said ionization device and, for each pair of arm, a magnet and a pair of electrodes. By dividing the magnetohydrodynamic generation of electricity between several channels, it is possible to increase the electrical power while maintaining a restricted flow section for each channel. The electrode pairs of each channel may be electrically connected in series or in parallel. In order to more easily adapt this magnetohydrodynamic generator to a turbine, the flow vein may be annular, said first and second walls being concentric about a central axis of the flow duct, and said arms being radial. The present disclosure also relates to a turbomachine comprising at least one such magnetohydrodynamic generator, and at least one turbine arranged to be actuated by the same working fluid as the magnetohydrodynamic generator. The magnetohydrodynamic generator can thus serve for example to recover at least a portion of the residual energy of the working fluid that can not be exploited by the turbine. This turbomachine may in particular comprise a combustion chamber upstream of the turbine and the magnetohydrodynamic generator, to produce high enthalpy combustion gases forming the working fluid of the turbine and the magnetohydrodynamic generator downstream and whose high temperatures facilitate their ionization . Furthermore, to increase the enthalpy of the combustion gases and to impulse their flow, this turbomachine may comprise at least one compressor upstream of the combustion chamber and a first turbine which is coupled to said compressor through a first rotary shaft for its actuation . It may also include a second turbine. In the latter case, this second turbine, which may in particular be located downstream of the first turbine but upstream of the magnetohydrodynamic generator, could be coupled to an output shaft to form a turbine engine, such as for example a winged aircraft turbine engine. rotating. In order to better exploit the residual energy of the working fluid that can not be exploited by the turbine, the magnetohydrodynamic generator can be disposed in an outlet nozzle downstream of the turbine. The present disclosure also relates to a magnetohydrodynamic method of electrical generation in which a working fluid is at least partially ionized by an ionization device in a flow vein delimited by a first and a second wall, and an ionized portion of the fluid of work passes through a channel defined in the flow path by said walls and a pair of arms each connecting the first and second walls downstream of said ionization device, and is subjected to a magnetic field generated in this channel by a magnet in the direction perpendicular to the flow of the working fluid, so as to generate an electric current between electrodes of at least one pair of electrodes, each of the electrodes of each pair being disposed on one side of the channel delimited by the pair of arms and said walls, the electrodes of each pair being spaced relative to each other in a perpen direction said magnetic field and the flow of combustion gases in this channel. This magnetohydrodynamic method of electrical generation can in particular be used to recover residual energy from a working fluid having previously been used to drive at least one turbine. In particular, in a vehicle propelled by a turbine engine, this magnetohydrodynamic process can be used to generate electrical energy for supplying auxiliary equipment of the vehicle other than the turbine engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the following detailed description of embodiments shown by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a rotary wing aircraft with a turbine engine equipped with a magnetohydrodynamic generator according to one embodiment; FIG. 2 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of one of the turbine engines of FIG. 1; FIG. 3A is a schematic perspective view of part of the magnetohydrodynamic generator of the turbine engine of FIG. 2; FIG. 3B illustrates a detail of FIG. 3A; FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a magnetohydrodynamic generator according to a second embodiment; FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a magnetohydrodynamic generator according to a third embodiment; - Figure 6 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a turbine engine according to a fourth embodiment; and FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a turbine engine according to a fifth embodiment. Detailed description of the invention FIG. 1 illustrates a rotary wing aircraft, more specifically a helicopter 100, with a turbine engine 101 for actuating its main rotor 102 and its tail rotor 103 through a transmission 104. The turbine engine 101 comprises a magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 according to FIG. an embodiment for supplying an electric current to the different electrical consumers on board the helicopter 1. As illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 2, the turbine engine 101 comprises a gas generator with, in the direction of airflow, a compressor 201, a combustion chamber 202 with an igniter and injectors connected to a compressor. fuel supply circuit (not shown), and a first turbine 203, coupled to the compressor 201 through a first rotary shaft 204. Downstream of the second turbine 203, the turbine engine 101 comprises a second turbine 205 coupled to a second shaft rotary 206, which in the helicopter 1 is couplable to the transmission 104 for actuating the rotors 102, 103. Finally, downstream of the second turbine 205, the turbine engine comprises a nozzle 207 for the output of the combustion gases. In this first embodiment, the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 is integrated in this nozzle 206 downstream of the turbines 203, 205. Within this magnetohydrodynamic generator 10, the annular stream 11 for the flow of the combustion gases which constitute, in this mode embodiment, the working fluid of the turbines 203, 205 and the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10, is delimited by a first wall 12, internal, and a second wall 13, external and concentric with the first wall 12 about the central axis X of the turbine engine 101. The magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 also comprises a device 14 for ionizing the combustion gases. This ionization device 14 may be, for example, a plasma torch with two electrodes configured to create an electric field between them, electric field sufficiently powerful to ionize the flue gases flowing at high temperatures and speeds through the annular vein 11 to create an electrically conductive cold plasma. This strong electric field can be continuous or alternating, an alternating field to avoid a thermal imbalance of the cold plasma. To facilitate the ionization of the combustion gases, the turbine engine 101 may also include a device for injecting low ionization potential elements, such as potassium, upstream of the ionization device. This device for injecting elements with low ionization potential can in particular be integrated into the fuel supply circuit, so that the elements with low ionization potential are injected into the combustion chamber 202 with the fuel. On a first segment 11a of annular flow 11 of the flow of combustion gases within this magnetohydrodynamic generator 10, the walls 12, 13 converge in the direction of flow of the combustion gases to accelerate their flow, while on a second segment 11b, these walls 12, 13 diverge again in the direction of flow of the combustion gases so as to reduce their speed before their exit from the nozzle 207. Between the convergent segment 11a and the diverging segment 11b pairs of radial arms 15 connect the walls 12, 13, so as to form channels 16 in the vein 11, each channel 16 being delimited by the walls 12, 13 and the arms 15 of a pair. To prevent the low ionization potential elements injected upstream from being subsequently expelled to the outside, the generator 10 may also include a filter (not illustrated) for recovering the low ionisation potential elements downstream of the channels 16. In the embodiment illustrated in greater detail in FIGS. 3A, 3B, the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 comprises, for each channel 16, at least one electrode 17 mounted on an inner face of each of the arms delimiting this channel 16, in a manner that to be exposed to the ionized combustion gases passing through this channel 16, as well as an electromagnet 18 with radially opposed poles 18a, 18b, respectively covered by the inner wall 12 and the outer wall 13 on one side and the other the channel 16, and connected by a core 18c housed in one of the arms 15, laminated and surrounded by a solenoid 18d, so as to generate a magnetic field B in the channel 16 which is oriented in a radial direction and therefore substantially perpendicular to the flow of the ionized combustion gases in the channel 16. In order to generate a particularly strong magnetic field, the solenoid 18d can in particular be superconducting. Thus, in this embodiment, the flow of the ionized combustion gases through each channel 16, subjected to the magnetic field B generated by the electromagnet 18 can generate an electromotive force and therefore an electric current between the electrodes 17, located in each side of the channel 16 and therefore opposed to each other in a direction perpendicular to both the direction of flow and the direction of the magnetic field B. In an alternative embodiment, illustrated in Figure 4, the arrangement of the walls 12,13, the arms 15, and therefore the channels 16 is identical. However, the electrodes 17 corresponding to each channel 16 are not mounted on the arms 15, but on the inner faces of the walls 12, 13 so as to be exposed to the channel 16, but opposite in the radial direction, while the electromagnet 18 is arranged to generate a magnetic field B which is oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to this radial direction and to the flow direction of the ionized combustion gases. The other elements of the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 are similar to those of the first embodiment and receive the same references in the drawing. Although the flow line 11 is annular in these two embodiments, in order to facilitate the integration of the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 in the turbine engine 101, other forms are also conceivable, for example to integrate the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 into a generator. flat nozzle. Thus, in another alternative embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 5, the flow duct 11 has a rectangular section, but the magnetohydrodynamic generator according to this third embodiment is in all other respects analogous to that of the first embodiment. , and the equivalent elements receive the same references in this figure. Although, in the first embodiment, the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 is situated downstream of the two turbines 203, 205, it is also conceivable to locate it between the two turbines 203, 205, as in the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. FIG. 6, or even directly downstream of the combustion chamber 202, upstream of the two turbines 203, 205, as in the fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7. In both cases, the elements of the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 remain analogous to FIG. those of the first embodiment and receive the same references in the figures. The operation of the magnetohydrodynamic generator 10 according to each of these embodiments is also similar. In each case, combustion gases from the combustion chamber 202 are at least partially ionized by the ionization device 14, accelerated in the convergent segment 11a of the flow vein 11, before entering the channels 16 delimited by each pair of arms 15, in which they are subjected to the magnetic fields B generated by the electromagnets 18 in a direction substantially perpendicular to that of the flow of the ionized combustion gases in each channel 16, to generate an electric current between the electrodes 17 , electric current may in particular be used to power various devices on board the helicopter 1. At the output of the channels 18, the flow of combustion gases decelerates in the diverging segment 11b. Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and changes can be made to these examples without departing from the general scope of the invention as defined by the claims. For example, although in each of the illustrated embodiments each channel 10 is equipped with only one pair of electrodes 17, it is also conceivable to place several pairs of electrodes in each channel, these pairs of electrodes being for example succeed one another in the direction of flow of the working fluid. In addition, these magnetohydrodynamic generators could be used in other types of turbomachines than the illustrated turboshaft engines. In addition, individual features of the various embodiments mentioned can be combined in additional embodiments. Therefore, the description and drawings should be considered in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.
权利要求:
Claims (15) [1" id="c-fr-0001] A magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) comprising at least: a flow (11) of a working fluid delimited by a first wall (12) and a second wall (13); an ionization device (14) of the working fluid; a pair of arms (15) each connecting the first and second walls (12, 13) downstream of said ionization device (14) so as to delimit between said arms (15) and said walls (12, 13) a channel ( 16) in the flow channel (11), said channel (16) being arranged to be traversed by a portion of the working fluid after its ionization; a magnet for generating a magnetic field (B) oriented in a direction perpendicular to the flow of the working fluid in the channel (16) delimited by the pair of arms (15) and said walls (12,13); and at least one pair of electrodes (17), each of the electrodes (17) of each pair being disposed on one side of the channel (16) delimited by the pair of arms (15) and said walls (12,13), said electrodes (17) of each pair being spaced relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to said magnetic field (B) and to the flow of the working fluid in the channel (16) delimited by the pair of arms (15) and said walls (12,13). [2" id="c-fr-0002] The magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) according to claim 1, wherein each electrode (17) of each pair of electrodes (17) is disposed on an arm (15) of said pair of arms (15). [3" id="c-fr-0003] The magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) according to claim 2, wherein the magnet comprises a core (18c) housed within one of said arms (15). [4" id="c-fr-0004] A magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second walls (12,13) converge towards one another in a direction of flow of the working fluid over at least one first segment (11a) of the flow vein (11) located upstream of said pair of arms (15). [5" id="c-fr-0005] The magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) according to claim 4, wherein the first and second walls (12,13) diverge from each other in a flow direction of the working fluid on at least a second segment of the flow vein located downstream of said pair of arms. [6" id="c-fr-0006] A magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said ionization device (14) takes the form of a plasma torch. [7" id="c-fr-0007] A magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising a low ionization potential injection device upstream of said ionization device (14). [8" id="c-fr-0008] A magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of pairs of arms (15) each connecting the first and second walls (12,13) downstream of said ionizer (14) and, for each pair of arms (15), a magnet and at least one pair of electrodes (17). [9" id="c-fr-0009] A magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein said flow vein (11) is annular, said first and second walls (12,13) being concentric about a central axis (X) of the flow vein (11), and said arms (15) being radial. [10" id="c-fr-0010] 10. Turbomachine comprising at least one magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, and at least one turbine (203,205) arranged to be actuated by the same working fluid as the magnetohydrodynamic generator (10). [11" id="c-fr-0011] 11. Turbomachine according to claim 10, comprising a combustion chamber (202) upstream of the turbine (203,205) and the magnetohydrodynamic generator (10). [12" id="c-fr-0012] Turbine engine according to Claim 11, comprising at least one compressor (201) upstream of the combustion chamber (202) and a first turbine (203) which is coupled to said compressor (201) through a first rotary shaft (204). for its actuation. [13" id="c-fr-0013] 13. Turbomachine according to claim 12, comprising a second turbine (205). [14" id="c-fr-0014] 14. A turbomachine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the magnetohydrodynamic generator (10) is disposed in an outlet nozzle (207) downstream of the turbine (203). [15" id="c-fr-0015] Magnetohydrodynamic process of electrical generation in which: a working fluid is at least partially ionized by an ionisation device (14) in a flow channel (11) delimited by a first and a second wall (12, 13) ; an ionized portion of the working fluid passes through a channel (16) defined in the flow passage (11) by said walls (12,13) and a pair of arms (15) each connecting the first and second walls (12,13 ) downstream of said ionization device (14), and is subjected to a magnetic field (B) generated by a magnet in this channel (16) in a direction perpendicular to the flow of the working fluid, so as to generate a current between electrodes (17) of at least one pair of electrodes (17), each of the electrodes (17) of each pair being disposed on one side of the channel (16) delimited by the pair of arms (15) and said walls (12,13), said electrodes (17) of each pair being spaced apart from each other in a direction perpendicular to said magnetic field (B) and the flow of combustion gases in the channel ( 16).
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公开号 | 公开日 EP3345290A1|2018-07-11| US10686358B2|2020-06-16| EP3345290B1|2019-07-10| JP6802262B2|2020-12-16| CA2997164A1|2017-03-09| RU2708386C2|2019-12-06| RU2018111981A|2019-10-07| US20180254693A1|2018-09-06| PL3345290T3|2019-12-31| CN108028595B|2020-03-20| FR3040838B1|2017-09-22| WO2017037388A1|2017-03-09| RU2018111981A3|2019-10-15| JP2018533337A|2018-11-08| KR20180050361A|2018-05-14| CN108028595A|2018-05-11|
引用文献:
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法律状态:
2016-09-14| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 | 2017-03-10| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170310 | 2017-05-04| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 | 2018-08-17| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SAFRAN HELICOPTER ENGINES, FR Effective date: 20180717 | 2018-08-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 | 2019-08-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 | 2020-08-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 | 2021-08-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 FR1558232A|FR3040838B1|2015-09-04|2015-09-04|MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC GENERATOR|FR1558232A| FR3040838B1|2015-09-04|2015-09-04|MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC GENERATOR| KR1020187009425A| KR20180050361A|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator| PL16767326T| PL3345290T3|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator| US15/756,816| US10686358B2|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator| CA2997164A| CA2997164A1|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator| EP16767326.8A| EP3345290B1|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator| JP2018511667A| JP6802262B2|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Electromagnetic fluid generator| PCT/FR2016/052163| WO2017037388A1|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator| CN201680051230.8A| CN108028595B|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator, turbine engine and magnetohydrodynamic method for generating electricity| RU2018111981A| RU2708386C2|2015-09-04|2016-09-01|Magnetohydrodynamic generator| 相关专利
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Process for preparation of 7 alpha-carboxyl 9, 11-epoxy steroids and intermediates useful therein an
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